Photodynamic and Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Cancer treatment faces challenges in precisely targeting tumours while minimising harm to healthy tissue. Current approaches require more effective strategies for selective cancer cell destruction. Delivering therapeutic agents specifically to tumour sites and ensuring their stability within the body are significant hurdles. Developing innovative therapies that offer enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are explored as a quantum solution for cancer treatment using photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapies (PTT). GQDs have unique properties including high photothermal conversion efficiency, converting light into heat for PTT. They also act as photosensitizers for PDT, generating reactive oxygen species. Their nanoscale size aids tissue penetration, enhancing the therapeutic effect. These light-activated mechanisms offer potential for targeted cancer cell destruction.

This approach aims for selective cancer cell destruction with reduced harm to healthy tissues. Successful implementation could enable advancements in targeted drug delivery and lead to personalised medicine approaches. Overcoming challenges in biodistribution, targeting, and efficiency could make GQDs a practical tool for innovative, targeted cancer therapy.